2024, Volume 9
2023, Volume 8
2022, Volume 7
2021, Volume 6
2020, Volume 5
2019, Volume 4
2018, Volume 3
2017, Volume 2
2016, Volume 1
Mathematical Model for Coinfection of HIV/AIDS and Kaposi’s Sarcoma with Treatment
The mΘ Quadratic Character in the mΘ Set 
Application of the Plant Propagation Algorithm and NSGA-II to Multiple Objective Linear Programming
. The NGM is used to derive the basic reproduction number of the model. By providing treatment to the HIV and the co-infected population immune system is strengthened and thus progression rate to AIDS is reduced.
and the elements 
such that the support of x is not congruent to 0 modulo n. In this paper the purpose is to define on 
, p prime, a notion of quadratic residues and quadratic character which respects its structure of mΘs. Hoping that this approach will bring something of interest to the notion of quadratic residues. First of all, we construct the modal Θ-valent congruences of (
) and a complete system of mΘ residues modulo 
. After that, we define a p-valent modal quadratic residue, p prime. We characterize some properties of p-valent modal quadratic character and p-valent modal quadratic residue of pk which establish the difference between the mΘ Euler’s theorem and the Euler’s theorem in the classical arithmetic. Later, we establish the theorem for determining the p-valent modal quadratic character of 
with respect to pk. This theorem is a non-classical version of Gauss’s lemma. Finally, we establish an example introducing the law of quadratic reciprocity of Gauss.